For details of experiment, see Counts, J.W., and Hasiotis, S. T., 2009. Neoichnological experiments documenting burrowing behaviors and traces of the masked chafer beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cyclocephala sp.): Behavioral significance of extant soil-dwelling insects to understanding backfilled trace fossils in the continental realm. PALAIOS, v. 24, p. 75-92.